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Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of circadian rhythm sleep disorders
Akiko Hida, Shingo Kitamura, Kazuo Mishima
Journal of Physiological Anthropology , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-31-7
Abstract: The circadian clock system regulates daily rhythms of physiology and behavior, such as the sleep-wake cycle and hormonal secretion, body temperature and mood [1]. These rhythms are entrained by environmental cues, light-dark (LD) cycles and food intake. In mammals, the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus incorporates environmental information and coordinates the phase of oscillators in peripheral cells, tissues and organs [2,3]. Light is one of the most potent environmental cues that enable the organisms to adapt to the 24-hour environmental LD cycle. Photic signals are delivered from the eye to the SCN via the retinohypothalamic tract, thereby mediating the entrainment of the circadian clock system [4]. The circadian clock system involves transcription-translation negative feedback loops of multiple clock genes and posttranscriptional modification and degradation of clock proteins [4-6] (Figure 1). The basic helix-loop-helix and Per-Arnt-Sim transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1 form heterodimers and activate transcription of Period 1 (Per1), Per2, Per3, Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1), Cry2 and retinoid-related orphan receptor α (Rorα), Rorβ, Rorγ, Rev-Erbα and Rev-Erbβ by binding to E-box motifs on their promoter regions. PER and CRY proteins gradually accumulate in the cytoplasm and phosphorylation of PER and CRY occurs with casein kinase Iδ (CKIδ) and CKIε. PER, CRY and CKI proteins form complexes that translocate to the nucleus and interact with CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers, thereby inhibiting transcription of the Per, Cry, Ror and Rev-Erb genes. Meanwhile, Bmal1 transcription is regulated positively by retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR) and negatively by REV-ERB via the ROR element (RORE) motif on the Bmal1 promoter.A two-process model is a major model of sleep regulation. Two components, homeostatic drive and circadian drive, interact with each other and regulate the sleep-wake cycle [7]. The sleep-wake cycle is controlled by sleep hom
Sleep Deprivation Influences Diurnal Variation of Human Time Perception with Prefrontal Activity Change: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Takahiro Soshi,Kenichi Kuriyama,Sayaka Aritake,Minori Enomoto,Akiko Hida,Miyuki Tamura,Yoshiharu Kim,Kazuo Mishima
PLOS ONE , 2012, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008395
Abstract: Human short-time perception shows diurnal variation. In general, short-time perception fluctuates in parallel with circadian clock parameters, while diurnal variation seems to be modulated by sleep deprivation per se. Functional imaging studies have reported that short-time perception recruits a neural network that includes subcortical structures, as well as cortical areas involving the prefrontal cortex (PFC). It has also been reported that the PFC is vulnerable to sleep deprivation, which has an influence on various cognitive functions. The present study is aimed at elucidating the influence of PFC vulnerability to sleep deprivation on short-time perception, using the optical imaging technique of functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Eighteen participants performed 10-s time production tasks before (at 21:00) and after (at 09:00) experimental nights both in sleep-controlled and sleep-deprived conditions in a 4-day laboratory-based crossover study. Compared to the sleep-controlled condition, one-night sleep deprivation induced a significant reduction in the produced time simultaneous with an increased hemodynamic response in the left PFC at 09:00. These results suggest that activation of the left PFC, which possibly reflects functional compensation under a sleep-deprived condition, is associated with alteration of short-time perception.
Neural Network Development in Late Adolescents during Observation of Risk-Taking Action
Miyuki Tamura, Yoshiya Moriguchi, Shigekazu Higuchi, Akiko Hida, Minori Enomoto, Jun Umezawa, Kazuo Mishima
PLOS ONE , 2012, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039527
Abstract: Emotional maturity and social awareness are important for adolescents, particularly college students beginning to face the challenges and risks of the adult world. However, there has been relatively little research into personality maturation and psychological development during late adolescence and the neural changes underlying this development. We investigated the correlation between psychological properties (neuroticism, extraversion, anxiety, and depression) and age among late adolescents (n = 25, from 18 years and 1 month to 22 years and 8 months). The results revealed that late adolescents became less neurotic, less anxious, less depressive and more extraverted as they aged. Participants then observed video clips depicting hand movements with and without a risk of harm (risk-taking or safe actions) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results revealed that risk-taking actions elicited significantly stronger activation in the bilateral inferior parietal lobule, temporal visual regions (superior/middle temporal areas), and parieto-occipital visual areas (cuneus, middle occipital gyri, precuneus). We found positive correlations of age and extraversion with neural activation in the insula, middle temporal gyrus, lingual gyrus, and precuneus. We also found a negative correlation of age and anxiety with activation in the angular gyrus, precentral gyrus, and red nucleus/substantia nigra. Moreover, we found that insula activation mediated the relationship between age and extraversion. Overall, our results indicate that late adolescents become less anxious and more extraverted with age, a process involving functional neural changes in brain networks related to social cognition and emotional processing. The possible neural mechanisms of psychological and social maturation during late adolescence are discussed.
Melatonin receptor agonists—ramelteon and melatonin—for bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials
Ikuo Nomura,Kazuo Mishima,Kenji Sakuma,Nakao Iwata,Taro Kishi,Tsuyoshi Kitajima
- , 2019, DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S198899
Abstract: Objective: This study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, investigating the efficacy and tolerability/safety of melatonin receptor agonists, such as ramelteon and melatonin, for patients with bipolar disorder
Association of sleep with emotional and behavioral problems among abused children and adolescents admitted to residential care facilities in Japan
Hisateru Tachimori,Kazuo Mishima,Masaaki Otaga,Masakazu Okada,Shigekazu Higuchi,Shingo Kitamura,Takako Tsutsui
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198123
Abstract:
Prevalence of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and its role in daytime sleepiness
Aiko Moriwaki,Eriko Tsukada,Kazuo Mishima,Minori Enomoto,Shingo Kitamura,Takashi Asada,Tetsuaki Arai,Yoko Kamio
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204409
Abstract:
Features of cough variant asthma and classic asthma during methacholine-induced brochoconstriction: a cross-sectional study
Hisako Matsumoto, Akio Niimi, Masaya Takemura, Tetsuya Ueda, Masafumi Yamaguchi, Hirofumi Matsuoka, Makiko Jinnai, Kazuo Chin, Michiaki Mishima
Cough , 2009, DOI: 10.1186/1745-9974-5-3
Abstract: We cross-sectionally examined the degrees of airway sensitivity, the point where resistance started to increase, and reactivity, the slope of the methacholine-resistance curve, and the appearance of cough and wheezes in steroid-na？ve adult patients with classic asthma (n = 58) or CVA (n = 55) while they were continuously inhaling methacholine during simultaneous measurement of respiratory resistance.Patients with CVA were less sensitive and less reactive to inhaled methacholine and wheezed less frequently but coughed more frequently during methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction than did patients with classic asthma. Multivariate analysis revealed that airway hypersensitivity and lower baseline FEV1/FVC were associated with the appearance of wheezes, whereas a diagnosis of CVA was associated with coughing.There are mechanistic and phenotypic differences between CVA and classic asthma during methacholine inhalation. Frequent coughing during bronchoconstriction may be a distinctive feature of CVA.Patients with cough variant asthma (CVA) present with a chronic cough as the sole symptom that responds to bronchodilator treatment and show airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). CVA, one of the most common causes of chronic cough [1-4], is considered a precursor [5-9] and a variant form of classic asthma with typical symptoms of wheezing and dyspnea [5]. Several studies have examined mechanistic differences between CVA and classic asthma. Airway sensitivity, a component of airway responsiveness that is defined as the inflection point where respiratory resistance (Rrs) starts to increase, did not differ between patients with CVA and those with classic asthma in a few small studies [10,11]. In contrast, airway reactivity, another component of airway responsiveness expressed as the slope of the dose-response curve, is attenuated in children with CVA as compared with those with classic asthma [12]. In adults with CVA, however, no study has separately examined airway sensitivity and
Prevalence and clinical manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux-associated chronic cough in the Japanese population
Hisako Matsumoto, Akio Niimi, Masaya Takemura, Tetsuya Ueda, Masafumi Yamaguchi, Hirofumi Matsuoka, Makiko Jinnai, Kazuo Chin, Michiaki Mishima
Cough , 2007, DOI: 10.1186/1745-9974-3-1
Abstract: We have analyzed prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients who were diagnosed as having GOR-CC among adult patients with chronic cough (≥ 8 weeks) who visited our asthma and cough clinic over a period of 19 months. Diagnosis of GOR-CC was based on the response of coughing to a proton-pump inhibitor (lansoprazole？) and/or positive results of 24 h ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. Laryngeal involvement was based on symptoms or objective diagnosis by specialists.GOR-associated chronic cough was diagnosed in 7.1% (8 of 112) of chronic cough patients. In addition to the demographic data which were consistent with the characteristics of patients with GOR-CC in the Western populations, including gender (6 females), age (mean ± SE, 56.9 ± 5.8 years), duration of cough (9.9 ± 3.3 months), lack of gastrointestinal symptoms (3 of 8) and complication with other causes of cough (5 of 8), we found the standard range of body mass index (23.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2) and high incidence of concomitant reflux laryngitis (5 of 8) in the present 8 patients. Among 4 patients who could stop treatment with temporal resolution of cough, cough recurred in 3 patients, 1 week to 8 months after the discontinuation.In conclusion, GOR-CC is a less frequent cause of chronic cough in Japan than in Western countries. Signs or symptoms of laryngitis may be important as clues to suspicion of GOR-CC.Despite the established evidence that gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) causes 10 to 40% of chronic cough [1], and the prevalence of GOR-associated chronic cough (GOR-CC) is increasing in the Western populations [2], this condition has been rarely reported in Japan and its clinical manifestation is not well characterized. Only one case among 37 patients with chronic dry cough was diagnosed as having GOR-CC in our previous study carried out in the mid '90s [3]. Our present study is concerned with the rising number of cases of GOR-CC in Japan and of concomitant reflux laryngitis which is another major extra-o
Sleep Debt Elicits Negative Emotional Reaction through Diminished Amygdala-Anterior Cingulate Functional Connectivity
Yuki Motomura, Shingo Kitamura, Kentaro Oba, Yuri Terasawa, Minori Enomoto, Yasuko Katayose, Akiko Hida, Yoshiya Moriguchi, Shigekazu Higuchi, Kazuo Mishima
PLOS ONE , 2013, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056578
Abstract: Objectives Sleep debt reportedly increases emotional instability, such as anxiety and confusion, in addition to sleepiness and psychomotor impairment. However, the neural basis of emotional instability due to sleep debt has yet to be elucidated. This study investigated changes in emotional responses that are elicited by the simulation of short-term sleep loss and the brain regions responsible for these changes. Subjects and Methods Fourteen healthy adult men aged 24.1±3.3 years (range, 20–32 years) participated in a within-subject crossover study consisting of 5-day sessions of both sleep debt (4 h for time in bed) and sleep control (8 h for time in bed). On the last day of each session, participants underwent polysomnography and completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Profile of Mood States questionnaires. In addition, functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted while performing an emotional face viewing task. Results Restricted sleep over the 5-day period increased the activity of the left amygdala in response to the facial expression of fear, whereas a happy facial expression did not change the activity. Restricted sleep also resulted in a significant decrease in the functional connectivity between the amygdala and the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) in proportion to the degree of sleep debt (as indicated by the percentage of slow wave sleep and δ wave power). This decrease was significantly correlated with activation of the left amygdala and deterioration of subjective mood state. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that continuous and accumulating sleep debt that can be experienced in everyday life can downregulate the functional suppression of the amygdala by the vACC and consequently enhance the response of the amygdala to negative emotional stimuli. Such functional alteration in emotional control may, in part, be attributed to the neural basis of emotional instability during sleep debt.
Melanopsin Gene Polymorphism I394T Is Associated with Pupillary Light Responses in a Dose-Dependent Manner
Shigekazu Higuchi, Akiko Hida, Sei-ichi Tsujimura, Kazuo Mishima, Akira Yasukouchi, Sang-il Lee, Youhei Kinjyo, Manabu Miyahira
PLOS ONE , 2013, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060310
Abstract: Background Melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) play an important role in non-image forming responses to light, such as circadian photoentrainment, light-induced melatonin suppression, and pupillary light response. Although it is known that there are some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the melanopsin (OPN4) gene in humans, the associations of the SNPs with non-image forming responses to light remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the associations of melanopsin gene polymorphisms with pupillary light response. Methods Japanese university students (mean age: 21.0±1.7 years) with the genotypes of TT (n = 38), TC (n = 28) and CC (n = 7) at rs1079610 (I394T) located in the coding region participated in the present study. They were matched by age and sex ratio. Dark-adapted pupil size (<1 lx) was first measured. Then steady-state pupil size was measured during exposure to five lighting conditions (10 lx, 100 lx, 1000 lx, 3000 lx, 6000 lx in the vertical direction at eye level). Results Significant interaction between the genotype of I394T (TT versus TC+CC) and luminance levels was found in pupil size. Under high illuminance levels (1000 lx, 3000 lx and 6000 lx), pupil sizes in subjects with the C allele were significantly smaller than those in subjects with the TT genotype. On the other hand, pupil size in subjects with the C allele under low illuminance (<1 lx) was significantly larger than that in subjects with the TT genotype. Percentages of pupil constriction under high illuminance levels were significantly greater in subjects with the C allele than in subjects with the TT genotype. Conclusions Human melanopsin gene polymorphism I394T interacted with irradiance in association with pupil size. This is the first evidence suggesting a functional connection between melanopsin gene polymorphism and pupillary light response as an index of non-image forming response to light.
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